With the growing of the consumption of coffee, the essential wild bushes of coffee tree in Ethiopia couldn’t satisfy the demand. The delivery of coffee out-of-the-way and low-inhabiting mountain regions of Ethiopia Caffa was long, hard and expensive stuff. These conditions incited to creation of man-made forests of coffee trees. First tries of creation of man-made forests were done in Yemen. Most likely, coffee tree first arrived as a decorative to the garden of the king to Yemen. However, the growing of coffee turned here into one of the most leading branches of the economics soon. There were great facilities for that in Yemen: auspicious economic circumstances, fertile lands of mountainsides, sultry rays of southern sun, diligence of commons and enough-developed for that time folk culture. Arabs of Yemen are working up factory-farm actions on growing of coffee, increasing the quality of coffee, raise new kinds of coffee, including the famous mocha.

During more that 200 years Yemen was the one country, which supplied coffee to the world market. But time passed, and Arabs couldn’t give the enough quantity of coffee. They went to other countries searching new lands, suitable for growing of coffee tree. They became growing of coffee in some countries of southeastern Asia. This step was fatal for Yemen. Dutch businessmen caught up their initiative and started the growing of the crop in their colonies – on the Java Island and other islands of Oceania placing the production of coffee on secret list for a long time. Since that time Yemen lost the coffee crown and forced itself out slowly, before it don’t held up the last place between countries-producers of coffee. Demand and prizes for coffee grew up with phenomenal speed. Dutch, which possessed coffee plantations, reached up. They thoroughly protected their plantations, nipping in the bud the tries of exporting of sapling of precious tree. In 1714 the city council of Amsterdam presented one coffee tree to Ludovic XIV as a great rarity. It had lived up planted in Marley, but tries of French to export seedlings of sabadilla of that tree had failed. Later French brought themselves to purloin few seedlings of coffee tree, which were secretly sent from Batavia to the botanical gardens of Amsterdam. They succeeded in growing the single tree from the rapt sabadilla in 1723 in Paris.

The king charged with Captain De Clie to transport that tree to Martinique Island. De Clie executed his charge with great risk and asperity. He organized coffee plantations of Martinique. There were 16 millions of trees in 1778. French gained the rich source of income and it erected a monument of Captain De Clie on the Martinique Island. Spain, Portugal, England and other countries of Europe haven’t left behind Holland and French in bean counter. They conquered new lands and funded coffee plantations there. For example, England captured Ceylon Island in 1696, and started growing coffee plantations there, destroying basement rocks of trees, driving away locals. But coffee plantations of Ceylon suffered the dismal fate. The trees were attacked by the most awful disease for them – the mildew fungus. It had almost destroyed plantations in the period between 1769 and 1839. The residuary trees were cut down, burned, and new, no less legendary guest of tropical forests – seringa settled up on the cleaned squares, which was imported from far South America from banks of mysterious Amazon. Plantations of seringa, which are bringing latex “kao-chu”, which is still the important part of income of Sri Lanka.

During that time colonizers deleted plantations of seringa in the basin of Amazon in Brazil and put into their places coffee trees. Great combinations of climatic conditions and red fertility soil “terra rosha” quickly made Brazil the worldwide coffee country. In 1850 Brazil gave near half of world production of coffee. Since that time (near 100 years), Brazil is still firm leader in production of coffee. As a sign of special thankfulness, Brazil erected monument in San-Paulo – bronze coffee tree. Most other countries-producers of coffee were colonies of European countries. Mother countries encouraged the growing of coffee plantations by various methods in their countries, where they had fertility soil and cheap manpower. First, they grew only one, famous for that time, sort of coffee – Arabica. However, they searched new kinds. Many expeditions were sent to Africa. Struggling through primeval forests, stepping through bogs and waterless deserts, clambering the mountains, were languid with the heat and thirstiness, suffering hungriness, they went in searching little coffee tree.

At last, in 1830, the search was succeeded. In western Africa, Liberia, one more type of coffee was found. Trees of this kind reach 18 meters height and they have very big leaves. Those trees are blossoming and bearing all the year round, giving big and very gaunt fruits. It seemed to be really steady to vermin and diseases. After the botanic type the name was accepted – “Liberia Coffee”. In 1904 french scientist Shevelie discovered new type in Central Africa near Chad Lake, which was unknown for science, named “coffee excelsio”. Later, Robusta was discovered. It is wild growing in jungles of central Africa. It is growing in Congo, Mozambique, Angola, Guinea and in some other countries. The search of other types is continuing till our time. Scientists discovered some new types of coffee tree in sparsely populated regions of Africa, but all of them haven’t enjoyed the wide application. Arabica was and is the main type, which gave life to various types of coffee, which are growing for industrial expluatation.

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